Mining apparatus



13 Sheets-Sheet 1 E; M. CADWALLADER MINING APPARATUS riginal Filed Aug., 13, 1937 :Mmh 26, 1940.

M layer@ zwzzadeg 1 Mmh'zs, 1940.

original Filed Aug. 1s, 1937 1:5 sheets-sheet 2 www March 26, 1940. E. M. cADwALLADER 2,194,456

A mmm APPARATUS Crignal Filed Aug. 13, 1937 13 Sheets-Sheet 5 /EH-J @dri/@Zwar March 26, i940.

E. M. cApwALLADER A 2,194,466

MINING APPARATUS original Filed Aug. 1s. 1937' 15 sheets-sheet 4 March 26, 1940.

E. M. CADWALLADER MINING APPARATUS Original Filed Aug. 13, 1937 13 Sheets-Sheet 5 Mardi 26, 1940- E. MQCADWALLADER 2.194.466

MINING APPARATUSV l5 Sheets-Sheet G Original Filed Aug. 13, 1937 Egan/1f. adzmzzmfg March 26, 1940.

E. M. CADWALLADER MINING APPARATUS 'v Original Filed Aug. 13, 1937 l5 Sheets-Sheet 7 March 2s, 4'1940.

E. M. CADWALLADER MINING APPARATUS Original Filed Aug. 13,v 1937 13 Sheets-Sheet 8 SWW 'yar/IZ aZWaZZe www Il' D I Amman/lll@ 25,1- EET S E.` M. CADWALLADER lamme APtAnATUs Original Filed Aug.v 13, 1937 lMarch 26, 1940.

13 She'ets-Sheei: 9

' .Mldl 26 1940- AE. M CADwALLADER vMINING* APPARATUS briginai Filed Aug. 1s. 1937 13 Sheets-Sheet l0 y a d ||1 w ma; 5w w ,4.

March 26, 1940.

E. M. cADwALLADER 2,194,466

MINING APPARATUS Original Filed Aug. 13, 1937 13 Sheets-Shes*l 11 @M Wwf/ff@ Mardi 25, AV1940- E. M. CADWALLADER 2,194,466

MINING APPARATUS Original Filed Aug. 13, 19557v v1:5 Sheets-Sheet l2 March 26, 1940. E. M. CADWALLADER MINING APPARATUS l 1.5 sheets-sheet 13 l Original Filed Aug. 13. 1937 Patented Mar. 26, 1,940 1 1- i f n UNITED STATES PATENT AoFFicla MINING APPARATUS Edgar M. Cadwallader, Cleveland, Ohio, assigner to Mineral Cutting Machine Company, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio, a corporation of Delaware `'Application August 13, 1937, Serial No'. 159,021

Renewed June 15, 1939 v 29 Claims. (CL. 262--22) This invention relates to anapparatus for mintect the workmen from injuryor fatality due to ing coal or similar mineral. More particularly the falling of pieces or sections of the roof. The it has to dowith the mining of coal or similar minbringing. of the timber required for this purpose eral which is found in strata or veins of such nato the Working breast is an extremelydiiiicult and 5 vture as to permit it to be mined by the well known burdensome task for the workmen'because of its t conventional systems of mining, for example, great weight.l entry, long-wall, short-wall, room systems of min- Accordingly, an object of the present invention y ing. In all 'of such systems the floor and roof of is to provide an apparatus for flat mining wherein the portion of the veins or strata from which the the coal or similar mineral is mined Without coal or mineral is to be mined are substantially blasting.

horizontal or fiat. Thus, the. mining of coal or Another'object of the present invention is to `similar mineral from strata or-veins having a provide an apparatus for' kflat mining whichl oor which is substantially horizontal or flat may enables the coal or similar mineral4 to` be mined be Atermed"fiat mining, and hence will be so without the use of any explosives, and thereby V termed in the description hereinafter set forth, eliminate the dust and explosion hazards. 15 f Flat mining, as commonly practiced, consists Another object of the present invention is to in the formation of an undercut at the juncture provide an apparatus for flat miningr whereby point of the breast and the floor of the vein to the coal or similar mineral is mined in an 'expedisever or fracture the cleavage between the bed tious and commercially feasible manner without 2o rock of the oor and the coal or mineralto be the use of explosives. y 20` mined by means of an undercutter chain or like A further object of the present invention is to means, drilling holes into the face of the breast provide an apparatus for the mining of coal or `at suitably spaced points, filling each holewith similar mineral which is capable of performing a charge of explosive, and' then setting 01T such all of the operations incident to the flat mining of charges. Thus, the coal or mineral is broken coal or mineral without the use of explosives. 25 away from the face or breast by blasting. In this A still further object of the present invention method the degree of impact and shattering is to provide an apparatus for the mining of coal `power of the blast is dependent upon the skill of or similar mineral which is universally adjustable the miner in selecting the proper'relative posiwith respect to the face or breast of the vein, :lo` tions oi' each hole, in drilling the holes to the and simple to operate. l 'I 80 properA depth, in employing the correct amount Other objects `and advantages will be apparent of the explosive charge, and in tamping the as the invention is described in greater detail in charge properly in each of ythe holes. If great connection with the accompanying drawings rcare andskill are not exercised by the miner, a wherein:

lil

r blasting effect will result vwhich is of such in- Figure `1 isa plan view showing the apparatus 35 tensity and repercussion as to cause severe fracaccording to the present invention in operative` l tures in the lateral ribs and cave-ins in the roof position in a coal or mineral vein ofthe iiat floor and shatter the coal or mineral intoa relatively type.

high percentage' of small particles of a size known Figure 2 is a side elevation of the coal or min 40 as undersizedcoal or fines. eral mining apparatus. y `40 In the flat mining of coal 0r mineral employing Figure 3 is a. plan view ofthe apparatus shownr explosives, the formation of the undercut causes in Figure 2 l considerable coal dust which, together with the vFigure 4 isa side elevation Showing a lorawke` undue amountf Smoke and 'coal dus-t resultmg Secured 4to the lower portion -of the boring ele- Y. from the blasting, aie not only mJurlous to the ment assembly housing for Carrying an apron v45 health of the Workmen, but also unduly tax the system of ventilation. In addition,l there is they grave danger of gas explosions and consequent Figure 5 is a sectional view taken on the line 5 5 of Figure 4.

res which result in many injuries or fatalities to Flgure 6 1S Cross'secmonal VleW taken on the* v the workmen. Moreover, as it is not possible to Ime 6 5 0f `Flgure 3- 50 dislodge the coal or mineral from the entire area Figure '7 1S a Sectional WCW taken 0n the Ime of the breast or face by blasting without causing T-l Of Figure 3. i

some damage to the roof and the lateral ribs, it Figure 3 iS a Plan View 0f 011B 60101161"v 0f the is necessary tol continually reinforce the roof by truck Carriage ShOWiIlE the mechanism fOI driving 55,- means-'of upright timbers and collars so as to pro'- the same. i

r.tube I5.

` alcancel tion with the sleeve 29 is a 'hollow tube 33 which has a threaded portion 34. Into the free end .of the tubeg,33 telescopes the Ifree'end of the hollow As clearly shown threaded engagement with the threaded portion 34 isa traveling nut 36 which is'rlxedly secured to the inner peripheral surfaceV of a hollow tube .31 by means of pins `38. Carried by the pins 39 the housing and is fixedly secured thereto.'

As shown'in Figure24 on the sleeve 29 is keyed a nest of gears 30, 3|, and 32 which are of varying diameters. Carried by 'a shaft 45 Figures 27,

30, and 31 is a nest of gears`46, 41, and 48 which.

are ylikewise of varying diameters. This ylast-- named nest `of gears is in alignment with but in `reverse complemental relation with the nestl of gears 3'0, 3|, and 32. A gear 49 carried by a loose shaft 50 Iis shiftable to a position such that it will mesh with any pair of opposed' gears of the respective nest of gears previously described. For example, it may be made to mesh with gears v3| and 41, yas clearly shown in Figures and 3l.- u The mechanism for shifting the loose shaft 58 to the meshing positiondesired for the 'gear 49 with vthe opposed pair of nest of gears comprises as" 'shown in Figures 28,- 30, and 31 a bearing 5| provided with a forked extension 52 carried by the shaft which forked extension engages with and ridesalong' an angularly disposed track 53. The bearing pin 5| has a loose collar 54 which is secured thereto by means of a pin55.' Extending through the collar 54 is a slidable arm 56; which is secured to oneend of a pin y51 mounted in the `lower portion of the transmission casing I8, and

surrounding the pin 51 and bearing against the arm 56 and the inside surface of the transmission casing `I3 is aspring 59. To the opposite end of the pin 51 Figure'30 is secured an arm 59 which f has its free end locked to the transmission casing I8 by meansof-a pin 60 being inserted in any one ofthe holesl Figure 32 in the transmission casing. The 'holes 6|` are spaced in suchmanner as tocorrespond with the' meshing position of gear 49 with-any one of the opposed pairs of the respective nests of gears. AOn the top of the pin k 51 is securedly'xed va knob 622 for operating the is alsol mounted a gear which meshes with a gear 66 attached to andformingla part of the loose part of the forward friction disk clutch 61 loosely-mounted on the shaft 68. The shaft 98 also carried a gear 59 which meshes with a pinion 16 carried by the shaft 24. The shaft'24is Iconnestled" tothe-pinion 26 of .theI motor shaft 21 through the medium of gear25 as previously described. l

Carriedbylthe shaft 45 isalso a gear 1| Figure 29 which meshes With anintermediate gear 12'-4 Figures 28 and 33 carried by the stub shaft 13.

in Figures 25 and 26 in 29 and 33 which is attachedfto and isa partof the loose part of the reverse friction disk clutch .15 loosely mounted `on shaft Y|58. The shaft 68' is connected tothe pinion 26 Figure 28 of the motor shaft 21 through the medium of gear '69, pinion 19, and gear 2S on shaft 24. On shaft 68 Figures 27 andf29` in complemental relation with the loose part61 of the forward friction disk clutch isxedlymouned the slidable part 16 of such friction disk clutch which is connected to one end of a rod 11 bythe vpin and yoke l connection 18. 'Io the opposite end of said rod 11- which protrudes out of the transmissioncasing' i8 is secured a hand lever 194 which is pivotally connected to abrace member `|39. vThe hand lever 19 is for the purpose of `operating the clutch.

, Fixedly mounted upon the shaft 68 Figure 29 is theslidable part 8| of the reverse friction disk clutch in complemental relation with the loose part;15 of such clutch. The slidable part 8| is connected to one end of thehollow tube 82 by means of the'pin and yoke connection83. As shown in Figures 29 and 35, the tube 82 is in surrounding relation vvith` respect to rod 11, and has its opposite free end'protruding out of the transmission casing i8 to which is secured a hand lever 84, said leverbeing pivotally connected to a' brace member 85. The handv lever 84 'operatesthe reverse clutch.

with collars 86 and 81 disposed adjacent the yoke members 18 and 83 respectively. 'Attached tothe collar 86 land bearing against yoke connection 18 is al compression spring .83, and a compression spring89 having an end attached to the collar 81 which bears against yoke connection 83. En-

' gaging with the tube 92 and-movable therealong is a forked member 99. which is securedv to the threadedl shaft 9| which carries a sprocketr 92 on one end thereof. In engagement with the sprocket 92 and extending to vand engaging with a sprocket 93 carried by the end of the `sleeve 29 is asprocket chain' 94. The forked member 99 is moved forward or backward along the tube 82 by this sprocket mechanism until it bears against eitherof the collars 96 or 81v depending upon whether the forward or reverse clutch is in operative' relation to'automatically disengage the re-` spective clutch. A f u As will be apparent from Figures 3 and18, the boring elements 2 are suitably spaced from each other and .are in aligned relation. Disposed intermediate a pair of the boring elements 2 islan expansive force inducingv element. Since the structure ofthe expansive force inducing elements is the same, the structure of only one will be described. Such element comprises a rod 95 Which'is `provided with enlarged threaded portions 96 and 91 suitably spaced therealong asv In threaded engagement nuts 98 is mounted a squared block |88 such as'v shown in Figure 20. To each of the blocks |89 are pivotally connected jaw members I9! andl |92 which cooperate with a` pointed nose 99 of each cf the nuts 98. kThe jaw members |9| and |92 are ofthe configuration yshown in Figures 20, 21, and

22. The blocks |98 carrying Ithe jaw members I9! and |92 are supported in complemental relation with respect to the pointed nose 99 of each of the nuts 98 by means of transverse guide' bars |95` and |66.

- The gear 12 in turn meshes with a gear 14 Figures 30? As shown in Figure 29, thetu'be 82 is provided chain |51, said chain being driven by a sprocket `ii's'shovim in Figurev 36 the backend ofthe rod 95 carrying the expansive force inducing 'elements extends through an opening into` the housing and is mounted in bearings and On the rod 95 intermediate the bearings |35 and |31 is flxedly mounted a pinion |38 as likewise shown in Figure 36. As shown in Figure 18,'there are a series of such rods 95, each of which carries a pinion |39. Each pinion |39 meshes with a gearl |39 carried by a stub shaft |40. As will rbe apparent from Figure 16, there are siX pinions |33, each of which mesh with a gear |39, and intermediate the two central gears |39 and in meshing engagement therewith is a gear I4! carried by a shaft |42. vThe shafty |42 Figure 13 also carries a bevel gear |43 which meshes with a bevel gear |44 mounted on the shaft |45. Mounted on the shaft |45 is also a 20; bevel gear |46 which meshes with bevel gears |41 and |48 carried by a shaft |49, said shaft |49 being connected to the opposite end of the hexagonal shaft i4. Mounted upon the shaft |49 intermediate the bevel gears |41-and |48 is afforward and reverse clutchA which is attached to a shifter yoke |5| viixedly mounted on a shifter bar |52. Cooperating with the shifter yoke |51 is a travelling nut |53fwhich is carried by a threaded portion |54 of a shaft |55, as shown in Figure 14." The shafty |55 carries asprocket |55 which is in engagement with a sprocket |58 carried by the outer portion of the hub of the vbevel gear |48. As shown in Figure 13,` the travelling nut |53 carries a yoke member I|59 having forks |60 and |5| Which are slidably mounted on the shifter bar |52 in such manner that the end of the shifter yoke |5| is intermediate said forks. Thus, as the travelling nut |53 is moved along the shaft |55 one of the forks |60 or |5| is brought into engagement with the end of the shifter yoke |5| to automatically disengage the forward or reverse clutch drive of the clutch |55 depending upon the direction in which |99 which is disposed transversely of the boring elements 2. Such transverse pipe is made up of a plurality of return vbends connected together.' Each of the return bends H9 intermediate the boring elements 2 is provided witha nozzle The back end of the pipe |08 is adaptedy to be connected to a source of Water supply as by a flexible hose ||2 for the ypurpose to be subsequently described. v By reference to Figures 18 and 19 it will be v apparent that the boring elements 2 compriseV 'spiral bars 258 provided with auger bits ||3 which are of a configuration such that they partially overlap each other. This enables the formation of contiguous communicating areas'in the breast of coal or mineral which are in the form of circular-holes interconnected to each other by means of passages whose upper and lower walls simulate a V-shaped rib, as clearly sho-wn by the dotted lines in Figure .19. It is apparent that these passages permit therods carrying .the expansive force inducing ele-Hf" y ments, together with water piping toyenter into the breast of coal or'mineral with theA boring elements A2.

With referenceto Figures 24 and `25 mounted in surrounding relation with the tube 31 is a sleeve 42 'which hasone endthereofextending into the transmission casingy I8.

casing I3 is the mechanismv for moving* the. boring and expansive force inducing element' as sembly` as a unit to a position such that the bor l ing elements will. be'eith'er in a horizontal or.

vertical plane. sleeve i4 xedly mounted on, the portion of the Such mechanism comprises a` sleeve 42 which extends into'the transmission: casing |13.` Carried by the sleeve H4 is a worm*- gear l5 which meshes with a worm 5 mounted on a shaft ||1. The shaft 1 also carries agear H8 Figure 27 which'is in 'meshing engagement j with a gear ||9 mounted on a shaft |20'. Mounted upon the shaft |29 is also? a miter gear,'|2| which meshes with miter gears |22` and |23, said miter'gears |22 and |23 being rotatablymounted on shaft |24. Mounted onshaft |24 intermedie" ate the miter gears |22' and |23 and adapted toV aisl coact with either of said gearsis a forwardand reverse disk clutch |25. The shaft |24 also `carv ries a gear |25 which'meshes'with a gear|21 F rotatably mounted on shaft |28. Gear `|21 meshes with and is driven by gear' |9. l The' clutch |25 is operated by a shifterlyoke |29 which is xedly mounted on a shaft |30. |39 is slidably mounted in the transmission cas- 4pivotallyv connected to a bracket'l32.

The shaft ing I8 and is operated by a lever 13| whichfis y.

As shown in Figures 13 and 24 the opposites".I

end of the sleeve 42 extends into a projection 43 of a cap memberA 44 and is secured thereto,-

the said cap member being xedly mounted upon assembly comprising a plurality-of rollers |33 '4W the tube 31 adjacent the projection 4| of the' housing l. The cap member 44 houses a roller whose outer peripheral surfaces correspond .to

the outer peripheryof 'tube 31. Such rollers areL rotatably mounted on pins |34. The. roller assembly is locked to the tube31 by meansrof' aj flexible pin device |35.

By reference to Figures 2, v3,'an'd` 24 'it'vwill'be seen that surrounding'the sleeve 42 arel support` sieA ing sleeves |65 and |95 suitably spaced from each y other, the sleeve |65 being securedto transmis# secured to the sleeve42. and |96 are provdedwith apertured wing portions |61 as shown inFigure 3. Asthe means for Eachof the sleeves |55l connecting' such portions of both isleeves |65and |95 to a wing bracket|68is the same,; only jonef'of such connecting means is shown' in detail in Figure 6. By referenceto Figure 6,'it .will be seen that the wing portions |51 of sleeve |55 arose-- cured to wing bracket |68 by means of pins m9,;

the wing bracket |68 being mounted on *support-fg y ing standards or tubular supports I'lv and carried v 1 6`5iy l thereby. One `end of 'the supports. |19 issupported in socket brackets |1| carried bythe top of the movable portion |12 of the turntablel |.13jy Mounted upon the top of the otherfend of the supports |19 is a Wing bracket |14. As y,shown in Figure 2, the 'bracket |68 carries hand wheel" screw pins |15 for locking them inthe position v Y to which they are moved on the supporting stand` ards |10.

, By referring to Figure 7, it will beapparent thatv the wing bracket |68 has threaded nuts |1.6"iix`elly-v secured within the end of the tube |11.

.gagemen't with hollow tubes |11.

' The apron 2|0 is secured to the apertured lugs secured thereto which nuts are in threaded en- The tubes |11 extendv through the wing bracket |14 and are supported therein by means of `collars |18 which rotateon thrust bearings |19. Extending into the end of each of the tubes |11 adjacent the threaded nut |16 is a projecting end of a shaft |80 of .a speed reducer |8| which end is xedly Eachof the speed `reducers IBI is connected to a reversible motor .|82 by means of a flexible coupling |83. The speed reducers |8| and connecting motors |82 yare xedly mounted upon the movable portion |12 of the turntable |13, as clearly shown in Figure 1. "I'hus, by rotating the tubes |11I lin either direction through the medium of the shafts |80, speed reducer |8|, andmotors |82, the tubular member carrying the boring element assembly is raisedand lowered as a unit.

lAs shown in Figures 2 and 6, the outer periphery of the movable portion |12,of the turntable |13 is provided with gear teeth which are in meshing engagement with apinicn |84 carried bythe end of al shaft |85 'projecting from a speed reducer |86, said reducer being operatively connected to a reversible motor l| 81 by means of flexible coupling |88.

. The stationary portion |89 of the turntame n3 chored-to the floor of the vein by means of claw shapedysh'oes |94. To the ends of each of the I beam rails |9| on the far side are 4connected upright It`ubes|95 which are anchored to the ceiling of the vein by means'of clawshaped shoes |91 as vshown in Figures 3 and 6. v

The truck carriage' |92 has trolley wheels |98 which are mounted for travel along longitudinally extending track rails |99 disposed upon the floor of the vein. The mechanism for driving the wheels |98 forwardlyv and backwardly along the track railsl |99 is shown in Figures 8 and 9, and as the operative connections of the back pair of wheels |98 to the motor 200 is the same, the showingI of onlyone of such connections is sufcient for a full understanding`thereof. By 'reference to Figures 8 and 9, it will be seen that the truck wheel |98 is mounted upon a shaft 20|, the said shaft carrying'a `gear 292 which meshes with a pinion 203. The pinion 203 is carried by the end of a shaft 204 projecting from a speed reducer 205 which is connected to a moto-r 200 by means of flexible coupling 206. By rotating the shaft 204, thetruckv carriage is caused to move forwardly longitudinallyof the vein. The trolley -l Wheels |98 are held in the position to which they have been moved by rail stops 201.

As shown in Figures 4' and 5the housing is provided with tongue shaped grooves for the reception of tongue members 208 of bracket 209, said bracket carrying an apron 2|0.' The apron 2in comprises a plurality of parallel disposed hollow tubes 2| connected together by 'a transverse web 2|2 as shown in Figures 10 andvll. The front end of each of the tubes 2|| is closed by means of pointed plugs 2|3 as shown in Figure l12. rI'he bracket 209 carrying the apron 2|0 is attached to the bottom of the housing when the boring elel ments are in the position shown in Figure 4.

As shown in Figures 10 and 15, the top portion of the housing is provided with apertured lugs 2|4 of the housing when the boring elements as a unit are in the dotted line position shown in Figure 2.

In operation of the apparatus of the present invention, the operator shifts the mounting of the boring and expansive force inducingdevice to a position such that the boring elements are in a horizontal plane. This is effected 'by moving the lever |3| in the proper direction so as to cause the respective portion of the clutch |25 to operatively engage withits complemental miter gear |22 or |23., The rotation of the miter gear E22 or |23 causes the rotation of the sleeve 42 carrying the housing ll with its boring 'and expansive force inducing element assembly by means .of the miter gear I2 I, shaft |20, gear i i9, gear I8, shaft H1, worm H6, Worm liti, and sleeve H4. As soon as the sleeve 42 has been rotated to a degree such that the boring lelements are in a horizontal plane, the operator moves the lever |3| to its initial position and thereby disengages the clutch from its oomplemental miter gear i22 or |23. It is to b-e noted that the roller assembly |33 acts to hold the sleevef42 in the position to which it has been moved by the rotation of the worm ||5 carried by the sleeve H4.

With the boring and expansive force inducing element apparatus in the position such that the 1 boring elements are in a horizontal plane, the operator lowers such apparatus yto a point such `that the boring elements'in their adjusted position face a multiple of the breast at the `juncture point of the breast and floor of the vein, the position shown in full lines in Figure 2. This is done by turning the hand wheel screw pins |15 in the proper direction so as to release the bracket |68 from locking engagement with the supporting standards |10,'and then actuating the reversible ymotors |82 so as to lrotate the tubes |11 in the proper direction to cause the threaded nuts |18 and bracket |88 to travel downwardly along the said tubes. As soon as the apparatus has been lowered to its desired position, the operator stops the actuation of the reversible motors |82, and then turns the hand wheel screw pins |15 in the opposite direction until the pins are in locking engagement with the supportingstandards |10. n

The operator next applies a pushing force to the right or left of the bracketr |68 to shift the apparatus transversely to a positionr such that theboring elements are in a position to attack a multiple of the working breast extending from either one of the sides or intermediate the sides, preferably extending from either the right or left side of the vein.4 With the boring elements in such position, the'operator starts the rota-V tion of the motor shaft 211. `The rotation of the shaft causes the rotation of each ofthe boring elements 2 through the pinions 6 carried by each 0f said elements.. As shown in Figure l5, the

pinions 6 are in mesh with each other, and such pinions are rotated in unison by means of a vgear l which meshes with one of the pinions 6.'

hand lever '19 is pushed inwardly, so as to cause the feeding of the rotating boring elements into the breast of coal or mineral. The pushing of thelever '|9 inwardly moves the driven part 'I6 of the friction clutch into engagement with the loose part El of said clutch and thereby rotates shaft 45 through the medium of gears 66 and 65. The shaft 45 drives the sleeve 29 by means of gears l'l, te, and 3|. By the rotation of the sleeve 29 the nut 36 is caused to move along the threaded portion 34 of the hollow tube 33, and thereby feed hollow tube 3l carrying the Vhouslng l with its combined boring and expansive force inducing elements apparatus forwardly into the breast of coal or mineral. The extent of travel forwardly of the nut 35 along the threaded portion 3ft of the hollow tube 33 is controlled by means of the travelling yoke SB which moves along tube 32 and threaded shaft 9| and contacts with and bearsv against the yoke connection '|38 attached tothe driven part 'I6 of the friction clutch at a certain point in its travel to' disengage the driven part 'I6 from the loose part Sl' of the clutch. As shown in Figures 17, 28, and 29, the travelling yoke is caused to move forwardly along the threaded shaft 9| by means of sprocket 92, sprocket chain 94, and sprocket wheel 83. I

The feeding of the boring elements into the face of the breast causes a plurality of spaced holes to be formed therein. Since the auger bits H3 oi' the boring elements 2 are of such coniguration that they partially overlap each other, contiguous communicating areas are formed in the coal which are in the form oi circularholes interconnected by passages whose opposite Walls simulate V-shap'ed ribs as clearlyshown by the dotted lines in Figure 19.

As the auger bits H3 of the boring elements 2 are working in the breast of coal or mineral to form contiguous. communicating areas, water is applied to the portion of the breast in which such areas are being formed by means of noz- Zles The water serves the purpose of allaying the dust induced by the action of the auger bits, and also acts as a cooling medium for the boring elements.

It is apparent that the contiguous communieating areas of the type shown in Figure 19 permit the rods carrying the expansive `force inducing elements to enter into the breast of coal or mineral with the boring elements 2. Thus, as the auger bits ||3 of the boring elements are working in the breast to form contiguous communicating areas, the auger bit cuttings are picked up by the spiral bars 250 of the boring elements 2 and are fed by such bars backward toward the face of the breast.

When the boring elements` have penetrated into the coal to the desired extent which is controlled by the disengagement of the driven part 'le from the loose part El of the clutch'by means of the travelling yoke QQ, the operator pushes the lever 84 inwardly so as to cause the feeding of the rotating boring elements away from the breast. The pushing of lever 84 inwardly moves the driven part 8| ol' the reverse clutch into engagement with the loose part 'I5 of the clutch, and thereby rotates shaft 45 reversely through gears la, "i2, and The shaft 45 drives the sleeve 29 by means of the gears lll, 0.9, and 3| in the opposite direction to thereby feed the hollow tube 3'! carrying the housing |v backwardly and away from' the breast. The extent of travel of the nut 36 reversely along annalisa the threaded vportion `34| of the hollow tube 33 is controlled byv means of the same travelling yoke 90 previously described vbut at `a `certain point in its reverse travel, the `aforesaid yoke contacts with and bears against the yoke connection 83 attached to the driven ,part 8| 4of the reverse clutch to disengage .the driven .part 8| from the loose part l5 of the reverse clutch.

If desired, the speed at which the boring ele.l

49 is then locked in its adjusted position by means A of arm 59 and pinV Sil-as clearly shown in Figure 30.

When 'the boring lelements have been retracted to their initial position, the operator pushesthe n bracket 558 to an extent sufficient to shift the? apparatus to a point such that the boring elements are in a position to attack another multiple of the breast along thel juncture pointof 1f."

the breast and iioor of the vein, and repeats the feeding and withdrawingoperations of theborf l ing elements previously described. This is continued until an undercut has, been formed which` extends partially or completely, .preferably completely, across the breast at this point. This undercut severs the lcoal from, the bed rock .of the licor.

Upon completion of the undercut at the basel of the breast, the operator moves the lever 3| in the proper direction lso as to cause the re spective portion of the clutch |25 to operatively engage with its complemental metergear |22 or |23 and rotate the sleeve 42 carrying the heus` ing l, and thereby move the boring elements` to a .position such'that they are in a vertical plane adjacent the line of joinder between-'a sidewall and the breast. With the boring elements thus positioned, the operator repeats the feeding and withdrawing operations of the boring elements previously described. The apparatus is then elevated to a position such that the boring elements are approximately just above the portion containing the bored contiguous communicate ing areas or holes but in the same vertical plane. This is effected by turning the hand `Wheel screwy pins |15 in the proper direction so asl to release the bracket i'from locking engagement with the supporting standards |10, and then actuating the reversible motors |32 so as to rotate the tubes in the proper direction to cause the threaded nuts |16 and bracket |68 to travel upa wardly along said tubes. ratus has been raised toa position such as to atl tack another multiple portion of the breast along the juncture point of a side wall and vlthe'breast, the operator stops the actuation ofthe reversible motors |82,` and then turnsthe hand Wheel screw pins |'|5in the Vopposite `direction until the pins are in locking engagement with the supporting standards |70. drawing operations of theboring elements pre# viously described are again repeated. repeated successively until the coal or. mineral in the breast along the side wall has been punctured from the iloor to the roof of the `vein,. thereby forming a side cut. When'zthis is .coni-L* As soon as the appay f' The Afeeding and -withf break away'and dislodge the'coal or mineral in.

pleted, it is preferablefto` puncture the coal or mineral in the breast along the'opposite side wall from the oor to the roof. Thisis done in the lsame manner as described for forming'the side ing and thereby return the boring elements to a position such that they are. in a horizontal plane, Then, the hand wheel screw pins arey rotated in the proper direction so .as to release the bracket |88 from locking engagement with with a gear |39, and the gears |39 lare driven'y by a gear |4| carried by a shaft |42. The shaft the supporting standards |10,` the reversible motors |82 actuated so as to rotate the tubes |11 in the proper direction tolower the apparatus to a point such that the boring elementsv willbe at a point spaced labove'the undercut, and hand lwheel screw pins |15 rotated in the opposite divrection until the pins are in locking engagement with the standards |10, whereupon a pushing force is appliedto the `right or left ofthe'bracket |68 t'o an extent suilicient to shift the apparatus to a point such that the boring lelementsare in a position to attack a multiple offthe working 'breast extending from either oneoi Lthe side cuts or intermediate the side cuts, preferably to a position extending from one o-f the sidecuts# At f this point, the operator attaches the bracket 209 carrying the apron 2|0 to the bottomofthe housing by sliding the tongue members 288ginto the tongued grooves in said housing. The .operator then repeats the feeding operation of the boring elements into' the fa'cefof the breast, as`

previously described. As the boringy elements Iare forming the contiguous communicatingareas,

the apron 2| 0 is introduced progressively intothe undercut.k When the boring has progressed to a point where the boring elements. have penetrated into. the coal or mineral to the full extent of their length, the operator moves the lever- |62 in theproper direction" so as to cause the respective portion of the clutch |50 to operatively engage with its complemental bevel gear |48 or |49 and thereby actuate the expansive force inducing elements. The engagement of the respective por;- tion of the clutch |50 with lits complemental vbevel gear |48 or |49 causes the rotationof each of the rods 95 through pinions |38 `'carried by each of said rods. As shownin Figure 16, each of the pinions |38v is in meshing `engagement |42 is driven through the medium of bevel gear |43, bevel gear |44, shaft |45, bevel gear |46, and either of bevel gears |48 or |49 as shown in Figures 13 and 36. As the rods 95y are rotated, the

.pressing of the pointed nosel 99 of each of the'nuts 98 is moved `forwardly into `contact with the inner surfaces of the jaw members |0| and |02 and presses against such members to sucha degree as to l cause the jaw` members to extend outwardly andy bear against the V-shaped walls of the interconnecting passages of the contiguous areas. The jaw 'members against the V-shaped walls of the interconnecting passages induces expansive forcesto be exerted upon the coal in the region of such areas which inthemselves and unsupplemented by any auxiliary disruptive 'forces' are of su'flcient magnitude to the region of such areas in sizable pieces .with `a minimum of fines and undersized particles. In

other Words, these expansive forces break away and dislodge the coal in the space bounded by the undercut and the portion of the plane in Whichthe contiguous communicating areas are being formed. It is tobe noted that the extent of rotation of the rods 95 lis controlled by the nut |53 travelling along the threaded portion|54 of the shaft |55 until one of the forks |60 or `|6| of the nut |53 is broughtinto engagementwith the shifter'yoke |5| whereupon the clutch |55 is disengaged and the rotation of the rods 95 is stopped. As soon as the rotation of the -rods 95 is stopped, the operator moves the lever |02 in the proper direction so as to cause the respective portion of the clutch |50 to operatively'en-l l gage with its complemental bevel gear |48 or |49 and thereby retract the expansive force in-` ducing elements to their normal positions by the mechanism previously described. `At this point, the operator repeats the withdrawing operation of the boring elements 2 and the apron 2|0, the

apronserving as a support for the coal or mineral broken away from the face of the breast.

`When. the boring elements and apron have been retracted to their initial feeding position, the operato-r actuates the turntable |13 Aso that said elements and apron will movethrough an arcuate path to an extent such that they will be ina position above either of the portions 22| or 222 of 'a conveyor 220 shown in Figure l, the lsaid conveyor serving as a means for conveying the vcoal ormineral deposited thereon into mine carsnot shown mounted on track vrails |99. This is done by' actuating the reversible motor |81 so as torotate the shaft |85 and pinion v|84 in the proper' ydirection to `cause the movable portion |12y of the turntable I|13 to rotate to an extent such that the boring elements and apron ,are directly overy either of portions 22| or 222 of the conveyor 220,` whereupon the actuation `of `said as' to cause the respective portion of the clutch |25 to operatively engage with its complemental miter gear|22 or |23 and rotate thesleeve'u42 carrying the housing and thereby movethe boring elements and apron to a position such that they will be in a vertical plane. vBy the movement 'of the boring elements and apron fromy a horizontal plane position to the vertical plane position, the coal or mineralfcarried by the lapronis discharged into the portion 22| or 222 `v ofl theconveyor 220.` Upon the discharge `of the coal or mineral'from the apron, the operator moves the lever |3| in the opposite direction so `as to cause. the respective portion of the clutch |25 to .operatively engage vwith its complementalmiter gear |22 or |23 and rotate the sleeve 42' carrying the housing I, and thereby move the boring elements and apronback to the horizon;

` tal plane position, whereupon the reversible mo-v tor |81 is actuated so as torotate the shaft |85 and pinion |84 in theopposite direction to cause the movable lportion |12 of the turntable |13 to rotate to an extent such that the bor-` -.motor |81 is stopped. At this point, the operator f moves the lever |3| in the proper direction so.

ing elements and apron are returned to their initial feeding position.

Uponvthe return of the boring elements and apronto their initial feeding position, theA operator pushes the bracket |68 to an extent sufl-` cient to shift the apparatus transversely to a point such that the boring elements arein a Apo- 

